- You were recently infected and tested before your body produced Lyme antibodies.
- You took antibiotics before testing which co-opted the antibody response
- You were already on long term antibiotics for another illness
- Not enough “free” Lyme antibodies were detectable in your blood because they were all doing their job binding to the Lyme bacteria
- Lyme spirochetes were protected and hiding inside a biofilm colony
- Spirochetes were burrowed deep inside your body (i.e. cartilage, fibroblasts, neurons.etc)
- Only small blebs were in your body, no whole bacteria which are needed for the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) based tests.
- No free spirochetes in body fluid on the day of the test
- Genetic heterogeneity (there are at least 300 strains of Lyme, 100 in the U.S). You might be infected by a strain of Borrelia that the test doesn’t recognize.
- Antigen variability: Borrelia can change its outer surface protein to suit its environment so the test will detect a “non-Lyme specific” antibody
- Spirochetes are in dormancy phase (L-form) with no cell walls so there is nothing for the immune system to attack with antibodies.
- Lyme’s surface antigens can change body temperature
- You have an immune deficiency (the body isn’t producing antibodies)
- You have had a recent anti-inflammatory treatment which suppresses the immune system. (i.e., steroids, arthritis meds)
- Co-infections with Babesia (protozoa) which causes immune suppression
- Down-regulation of your immune system by your body’s own cytokines
- Lab error or poor technical capability/training to detect Lyme.
- You might have late-stage Lyme. Lab test are not standardized for detecting late-stage Lyme.
- The lab tests might only have been approved for investigational use
- Lack of adequate reference points for the test (most tests only use a few genetic strains as reference)
- The revised Western Blot criteria fail to include important antibody bands (i.e., 31,34)
- CDC testing criteria is designed for epidemiological study, not clinical diagnostics.